第五百三十九条 债务人以明显不合理的低价转让财产、以明 显不合理的高价受让他人财产或者为他人的债务提供担保,影响债 权人的债权实现,债务人的相对人知道或者应当知道该情形的,债 权人可以请求人民法院撤销债务人的行为。
条文要义
债务人有偿处分自己财产的行为,原本与债权人的利益无关,但是债务人为逃避债务,恶意低价处分,就危及了债权人的债权。如果受让 人对债务人低价处分财产行为知道或者应当知道该情形的,构成恶意, 因此,债权人可以行使撤销权,撤销债务人与受让人的低价处分行为, 保存债务人履行债务的财产资力。
债权人对债务人低价处分财产行为行使撤销权的要件是:(1)债 权人与债务人之间有债权债务关系;(2)债务人实施了明显不合理的 低价处分财产的积极行为;(3)债务人的行为须有害于债权;(4)债 务人有逃避债务的恶意,低价处分财产行为的受让人知道或者应当知道 该情形。
债权人对债务人低价处分财产行为行使撤销权的情形是:(1)债 务人以明显不合理的低价转让财产,即债务人明显低于正常的合理价格 转让自己的财产;(2)以明显不合理的高价受让他人财产,债务人以 明显高于正常的价格受让他人的财产,相当于转移自己的资产;(3) 为他人的债务提供担保,债务人在应当履行对债权人的债务情形下,以 自己的财产为他人提供担保,将减少自己承担债务的财产资力。当出现 这三种情形,具备上述行使要件,即影响债权人的债权实现,债务人的 相对人知道或者应当知道该情形的,债权人可以请求人民法院撤销债务 人的行为。
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